IdenaConceptPaper
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from Idena
IdenaConceptPaper
https://idena.io/IdenaConceptPaper.pdf
Abstract
Idena is the first human-centric blockchain system. Each node is associated with a unique authenticated ID and has equal power.
To create a decentralized and anonymous personality, Idena conducts a Turing test at the same time worldwide. This is a puzzle that only humans can solve, not AI.
This document discusses the motivation behind the development of Idena.
The problem of unique identity
Existing identities (iDaaS) with means to prevent Sybil attacks while remaining anonymous in the world of blockchain, self-managed IDs, and the internet have flaws.
The design requirements for a decentralized anonymous ID are almost as follows, following the characteristics introduced by Bitcoin:
1. Verifiable online from anywhere in the world
2. Permissionless, comprehensive
3. Decentralized, not dependent on specific third parties
4. Civil resistance
5. Privacy protection and anonymity
6. Censorship resistance
The latest ID designs cannot achieve these requirements.
OpenID solutions like Facebook and Google depend on centralized services and are not available in many countries. These are prone to impersonation.
Government IDs depend on KYC and require sharing personal identification information (PII) with centralized services. This is the beginning of an Orwellian world.
Biometric authentication depends on specific hardware sensors and algorithms and is susceptible to forgery. In addition, these problems cannot be completely solved (cat and mouse game).
Self-sovereign identity (SSI) depends on social IDs and verifiers.
Web of Trust approaches like Bright ID and Proof of Personhood (PoP) are unrelated to these.
If we can develop a "decentralized anonymous ID," the following becomes possible:
Fair Voting in Online Communities: "Governance" is one of the most important elements in blockchain. DAOs are attracting attention as cross-border organizations in blockchain, but the current governance is based solely on token ownership, which has caused plutocracy. This could have allowed whales to collude and dominate voting results.
This issue is related to the problem of public blockchains mainly functioning on market principlestkgshn.icon*2.
This problem can be solved by Protocol that Achieves One Person, One Vote by Providing Resistance to Collusion and Acquisition Attacks. This makes it realistic to use things like I hate guys who mimic Wittgenstein's "What we cannot speak about we must pass over in silence" without reading Philosophical Investigations and involve crowds in the decision-making process as a whole.
Direct Marketing and Airdrop: The business model of most services on the internet today includes collecting users' personal information and monetizing it. In addition, it is often used for targeting without the user's consent.
If users actively disclose personal information, advertisers can provide the most cost-effective information and enable token airdrops for users.
Serverless Messenger and Payment in Chat: If there is a network of one node per person, it is possible to safely store a queue of P2P encrypted undelivered messages.
Free Publishing Activities: ID networks can be used as distributed storage to maintain censorship systems by placing content there.
Global Universal Basic Income: Identity blockchain nodes are lightweight enough to run on an average laptop and can be rewarded for participating.
Integration with Other SSI: It can be integrated with other self-sovereign ID systems for verification.
Flow of anonymous unique identity verification
Idena has technology to prove that a person is unique (Proof-of-Person). There is no need to share personal information or receive third-party certification.
Idena adopts periodic "validation sessions" (i.e., synchronous validation sessions) to confirm that participants are human. The flip test is a special puzzle that is easy for humans to solve but difficult for bots.
https://gyazo.com/9571e98d44f2e2ae4008858a5cdbc824
The fact that the participant on the other side of the screen is "one human" is proven by solving the flip test, which is conducted at the same time worldwide. This test is designed to prevent one person from verifying multiple accounts at the same time, as the time for submitting answers is limited.
After the validation session, the participants determine the next schedule. As the network grows, the frequency of validation sessions decreases. The validation status of participants is not permanent and expires when the next epoch begins. It is necessary to verify it every time a new epoch begins.
To participate in the next round, you need to create some flip tests yourself.
Join the network
To create a digital ID, you need to receive an invitation code.
Invitations can only be sent from authenticated nodes, and there is a limit to the number of invitation codes that one person can issue.
Idena's core team can issue invitation codes and control the growth of the network.
Flip test
We propose the "Flip Challenge," an AI hard test that does not depend on language, by telling a story.
The "Filter for Live Intelligent People" flip uses four images.
To solve the flip, participants choose one of the two meaningful sequences from these images, which convey a story.
Another image is intentionally distorted so that linear story information is not conveyed.
The flip is not an IQ test but a test of common sense. The flip is submitted without a correct answer. After the validation session, the network reaches a consensus on the correct answer. If no consensus is reached, the flip is disqualified.
In Idena, flips are created by verified participants.
Flip is stored on the network as encrypted data before verification and then distributed by an algorithm. The network reaches consensus on the answer to the flip, scores accuracy, awards coins for each valid flip, and approves verified identities.
How to create a Flip test? Flips are only created by authorized IDs.
1. Participants come up with a story association hint called two randomly selected keywords from a common template by the protocol — something happens next.
2. Participants upload four images from their own devices or the internet and create a story based on two keywords.
3. Participants make an alternative presentation of four identical words.
4. Participants submit two sequences to the network.
5. The flip is stored as encrypted data on the network and verified. https://gyazo.com/00322e2a0dedbe5de9724118c3045ed8
Flip allocation Flip tests are randomly performed, but there are only two important exceptions.
1. You cannot solve a flip you created.
2. You can't solve the flip created by an associated ID. Before introducing "related IDs," it is necessary to understand Idena's invitation code first. You inherit the code issued when you invite someone to the Idena network from a parent identity.
By this genomic code, two IDs can prove that they are relatives and, in this case, cannot solve each other's flips. The genius of A team that is trying to socially implement Result Oracle as a concept tkgshn.icon*5
Identity status flow The proof of the participant's identity is valid as long as the current epoch continues. During the epoch period, users who pass validation can invite new users, mine (mine blocks) for rewards, or create new flips.
When the epoch deadline is reached, you need to take the validation test again. https://gyazo.com/0f6e8f7c39dc287926a3b223bd46d11c
Buying and selling identities is technically possible, but economic incentives are introduced to prevent it.
The person who sells an ID can then delete the ID itself and freeze the coins they hold.\n\s\sWhen selling an ID, the seller must provide the private key to the buyer. The buyer has no way to confirm if a copy of the private key remains with the seller. Therefore, the seller can delete the ID after selling, and the buyer will have no incentive to purchase the ID.\n\n\nConsensus Mechanism\n\sIdena implements proof-of-person resistance to civil attacks and a fast finality committee-based consensus. We plan to enable native coin usage when using P2P encrypted messaging.\n\sAll nodes have equal chances of receiving rewards in the forging of new blocks, and correspond to one verified person with an equal voting right in the consensus and governance process.\n\s\sAll verified participants have equal voting rights and generate blocks on the network, verifying transactions.\n\s\sRandomly selected members create block proposals and get consensus from a random committee on whether to include the block in the blockchain.\n\sIdena provides a secure way to execute multiple sub-chains concurrently called sharding, driven by sets of independent participants. Networks with millions of nodes operated by diverse people can be safely split into thousands of groups, or shards, to process transactions simultaneously.\n\n#$IDNA Economics\n\sAll participants with verified IDs are encouraged to do work that benefits the network as a whole (hosting their own nodes, flipping puzzles, and identifying new users) to earn DNA (current: $IDNA) coins as rewards.\n\sThese rewards include mining and validation session rewards, with a daily upper limit of 51480 DNA, based on the number of blocks generated.\n\s\shttps://gyazo.com/3b7720cd73565df42bc11fab7f9c6eb7
The mining reward is a maximum of 25920 DNA per day, paid to both block proposers and block validators, with the breakdown as follows:
https://gyazo.com/598193262da8ca83389a17a382def00f
The reward for validation sessions is a maximum of 25920 DNA per day, accumulated daily and distributed as follows after the validation session ends:
https://gyazo.com/d0bae119aace2cae9f47bc11b37942ab
When validation is successful, rewards are distributed to all IDs based on the account's validity period.
Pre-mine
The total reserve of coins is 36,000,000 DNA, distributed as follows:
https://gyazo.com/a20a4582bbb4fc86fb34c58b6abd8a86
Governance
The Idena network has introduced various types of internal governance mechanisms, including:
Network improvement proposals (soft fork)
Network upgrade proposals (hard fork)
Zero-ullet fund allocation proposal